Every year, millions of electrical appliances become e-waste, ending up in landfills around the world due to age or damage. E-waste is one of the fastest-growing environmental problems today. In 2022, only about a quarter of all e-waste was properly recycled. According to the International E-Waste Monitor 2024, the world generated 62 billion kg of e-waste that year, averaging 7.8 kg per person. Alarmingly, only 22.3% was recycled.

By 2030, global e-waste is expected to reach 82 billion kg. Without proper measures, recycling rates may drop to 20%, but with global efforts, it could rise to 38%. Achieving this requires international cooperation and improved recycling infrastructure.

What is E-Waste?

E-waste includes any device that runs or has run on electricity or batteries, such as computers, smartphones, household appliances, or medical equipment. These devices often contain hazardous substances. If not recycled properly, they harm both the environment and human health.

Discarded e-waste in landfills releases toxic substances like lead, mercury, cadmium, and nickel into soil and water. These pollutants can travel long distances, affecting ecosystems and human communities far from the original disposal site.

Health Risks of E-Waste

Heavy metals in e-waste pose serious health risks. Lead can damage the nervous system and impair cognition. Mercury affects the brain and kidneys, sometimes causing memory loss. Cadmium harms kidneys, weakens bones, and increases osteoporosis risk. Fine particles and toxic fumes from e-waste can also cause respiratory and cardiovascular issues, and even elevate cancer risk.

Children and pregnant women are especially vulnerable. Children’s developing bodies are highly sensitive to toxins, and even small doses can cause long-term damage. Pregnant women face increased risks of premature birth or fetal complications. Studies show that exposure to e-waste particles in young children can impair lung function and reduce respiratory immunity, making them more susceptible to infections.

How to Recycle E-Waste Properly

Proper e-waste management is essential. Devices should be taken to designated collection points where they are sorted, processed, and reused safely. Recycling e-waste prevents toxic substances from entering the environment and protects human health. It also conserves the earth’s finite resources by turning discarded materials into reusable raw materials.